ture, physiology, economic importance, classi-
fication and relationships. Each student is
required to participate in field trips and to
complete a project including a collection and
report on some group of insects. Laboratory,
lectures and much field work. Prerequisite:
BIOL240, with lab. 2 hours lecture, 3 hours
lab.
BIOL541
PARASITOLOGY (Spring
Odd Years)
3 sem. hrs.
Study of the anatomy, physiology, life history
and habits of parasites of man and his domes-
ticated animals. Special attention is given to
the parasitic protozoa, worms and insects.
Laboratory, lectures and demonstrations. Pre-
requisite: BIOL240, with lab. 2 hours lecture,
3 hours lab.
BIOL542
ORNITHOLOGY (Spring
Even Years)
3 sem. hrs.
Identification, classification and natural histo-
ry of birds with emphasis on those of Pennsyl-
vania and nearby states. Laboratory, lectures
and much field study. Prerequisite: BIOL240,
with lab. 2 hours lecture, 3 hours lab.
BIOL543
EMBRYOLOGY (Spring Odd
Years)
3 sem. hrs.
An introduction to the differentiation and
development of vertebrates. Laboratory
emphasis will be on the development of the
frog, chick and pig. Prerequisite: BIOL240,
with lab. 2 hours lecture, 3 hours lab.
BIOL547
FIELD ZOOLOGY AND
SYSTEMATICS (Spring Odd
Years)
3 sem. hrs.
A course devoted to concepts and procedures
of systematics, and to classifying and identify-
ing fauna collected on field trips. Prerequisite:
BIOL240, with lab. 2 hours lecture, 3 hours
lab.
BIOL555
MAMMALIAN
REPRODUCTIVE
PHYSIOLOGY (Spring Odd
Years)
3 sem. hrs.
This course for advanced undergraduate and
graduate biology students emphasizes the
reproductive physiology of humans and
domesticated animal species. Prerequisites:
BIOL340, or BIOL244 and BIOL245, or per-
mission of instructor.
BIOL557
BIOLOGICAL STUDY
DESIGN AND DATA
ANALYSIS (Spring Even
Years)
3 sem. hrs.
This course examines the design and use of
research hypotheses, controlled experiments,
and data collection and analysis, as they apply
to research in the biological sciences. Empha-
sis is on the role of statistical inference in the
hypothetical deductive approach to studying
living organisms. Prerequisite: BIOL103 and
either MATH260 or MATH262 or equivalent.
BIOL561
CLINICAL
MICROBIOLOGY (Spring)
4 sem. hrs.
A study of the pathogenic bacteria, viruses,
rickettsia, fungi and parasites, of animals and
man. Particular emphasis is placed on isolation
and identification of microorganisms by mor-
phological and physiological characteristics.
Prerequisite: BIOL220, with lab. 3 hours lec-
ture, 3 hours lab.
BIOL562
BASIC IMMUNOLOGY
(Spring)
1 sem. hr.
This course studies principles of immunology
and their application to various biological
problems. It covers classes of compounds
which can function as antigens, characteristics
of antibodies, techniques used to study anti-
body-antigen reactions, and applications of
immunological principles to such problems as
organ transplantation and allergies. Corequi-
site: BIOL561.
BIOL601
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
3 sem. hrs.
This course integrates genetic and biochemical
approaches in order to introduce topics such as
DNA replication, genetic recombination,
mutation, DNA repair, transcription, and trans-
lation. It explores in some detail the mecha-
nisms and methods for the study of gene regu-
lation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prerequi-
sites: BIOL300 and CHEM204 or permission
of instructor. With lab.
BIOL602
HUMAN GENETICS (Fall
Odd Years)
3 sem. hrs.
Major emphasis in the course will be placed on
human inheritance, considering especially
those characters that are analyzed by the meth-
ods of Hardy-Weinberg and others. Some con-
sideration will be given to Mendelian traits in
human populations, as well as biochemical
inferences. Prerequisite: one course in biology
(BIOL300 recommended).
BIOL603
ORGANIC EVOLUTION
(Spring Even Years)
3 sem. hrs.
This course examines evidence from several
fields of scientific investigation bearing on the
concept of evolution. Darwin's theories and
more recent genetic explorations of evolution-
ary mechanisms are emphasized. Prerequisite:
one course in biology.
BIOL604
LIMNOLOGY (Fall Even
Years)
3 sem. hrs.
A field-oriented study of lakes, reservoirs,
ponds and streams as dynamic systems. Inland
waters are considered in terms of their physi-
cal, chemical, geological and biological com-
ponents. Emphasis will be placed on the use of
quantitative sampling and analytical tech-
niques. A background in botany and zoology is
a prerequisite while a background in inorganic
chemistry is helpful.
BIOL609
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
AND GENOMICS (Spring)
4 sem. hrs.
This course will inculcate concepts in molecu-
lar biology and genomics and develop labora-
tory skills in molecular biology/biotechnology
and computer skills in genomics, protcomics,
and related areas. Three hours lecture and
three hours laboratory. Prerequisites:
BIOL103 and either BIOL300 or BIOL305,
or equivalent.
BIOL610
DEVELOPMENTAL
GENETICS (Fall Even Years)
3 sem. hrs.
This course emphasizes the study of the effect
of gene activity on developing systems. Stress
will be placed on the role of sequential gene
action and the development of the phonotype.
The role of epigenetic factors in morphogene-
sis will be considered. Prerequisite: BIOL300.
BIOL640
ICHTHYOLOGY (Fall Odd
Years)
3 sem. hrs.
This course studies the taxonomy, ecology,
anatomy, physiology, behavior, breeding
habits, and growth and development of fishes.
A taxonomic and evolutionary approach
examines both the diversity and the relation-
ships existing among the major groups of fish-
es. Laboratory and field work emphasizes fish-
es of the area. There is a three-hour laboratory
each week. Prerequisite: BIOL240 or
BIOL241, or equivalent, or permission of
instructor.
BIOL641
IMMUNOLOGY 3 sem. hrs.
This course stresses principles and methods of
immunology and their application to various
biological problems. Prerequisites: BIOL103,
CHEM141 or CHEM220. 2 hours lecture, 3
hours lab.
BIOL643
MAMMALOGY (Fall Even
Years)
3 sem. hrs.
This course provides for a study of taxonomy,
adaptations, life histories, ecology and distri-
bution of mammals with emphasis on those in
this general region of the country. Prerequisite:
BIOL240. 2 hours lecture, 3 hours lab.
BIOL646
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF
AGING
3 sem. hrs.
This course is designed to familiarize students
from various backgrounds with basic physio-
logical alterations occurring in man and ani-
mal with time, and the problems and potential
solutions associated with such change.
BIOL661
VIROLOGY (Spring Even
Years)
3 sem. hrs.
This course covers basic principles of animal
virology and introduces techniques used in the
isolation and characterization of viruses. Stu-
dents examine the major classes of pathogenic
viruses with particular emphasis on diagnostic
assays, epidemiology, pathology, and treat-
46/Biology Program