classrooms, wet and dry laboratories, boat
houses, workshops, garages and docking facil-
ities for small vessels are part of the center.
At Wallops Island, the Consortium has cooper-
ative agreements with NASA and the national
Marine Fisheries Service.
Several research programs will be operational
during the summer and students will be given
the opportunity to participate in field work.
Vessels owned or operated by the Consortium
include:
1.
The 50-foot R-V FREE ENTERPRISE,
an ex-mine diving tender converted for
coastal and inner continental shelf explo-
ration.
2.
Two 40-foot oyster monitors LIMULUS
and BLACK SKIMMER, flat-bottom
craft suitable for shallow water investiga-
tions.
The Consortium also owns several busses,
vans and trucks for use in field trips. Basic
oceanographic sampling and measuring
devices will be available to participants.
Student housing consists of rooms with two or
four bunks each. Students should bring their
own bedding and linens. Laundry facilities are
within easy reach from the stations. Food serv-
ice is cafeteria style, and will be available dur-
ing all weekends except those between ses-
sions.
Courses at the Marine Consortium Field
Station, Wallops Island, Virginia
Aquatic Ecology
Ocean Resources
Marine Meteorology
Marine Geology
Field Methods in Oceanography
Chemical Oceanography
Coastal Geomorphology
Physical Oceanography
Marine Ecology
Marine Biology
Marine Invertebrates
Marine Micropaleontology
Marine Botany
Marine Ichthyology
Exploration Methods in Marine Geology
Coastal Vegetation
Art Workshop-Painting the Coastal Area
Ecology of Marine Plankton
Behavior of Marine Organisms
Anatomy of Marine Chordates
Marine Invertebrates
Ornithology
Coastal Geomorphology
Marine Microbiology
Tropical Invertebrates
Mammals of the Coastal Ecosystem
Wetland Ecology
Marine Wildlife Photography
Developmental Biology of Marine
Organisms
Consult the chairperson of the Biology and
Health Services Department for more informa-
tion.
**A double asterisk for a graduate course title indi-
cates the course was designed for majors only.
Pymatuning Laboratory of
Ecology
PYMA619 AQUATIC
ENTOMOLOGY
3 sem. hrs.
The aquatic insects are discussed with respect
to their evolutionary origins, biogeography,
habitat preferences, trophic ecology life
cycles, morphological and physiological adap-
tations, and taxonomy. Great emphasis is
placed on the ability of the student to identify
these insects and to associate them with the
ecological conditions under which they are
found. Extensive field laboratory studies are
made both individually and as a class.
PYMA623 AVIAN ECOLOGY
3 sem. hrs.
This field work course studies the evolution,
behavior, and ecology of birds. It emphasizes
the identification of local species and experi-
mental methods in the field.
PYMA626 AQUATIC BOTANY
3 sem. hrs.
Emphasis on recognition of the freshwater
algae and aquatic vascular in field communi-
ties and on the methods of quantifying their
relative members and mass. Prerequisite: per-
mission of the instructor.
PYMA633 FIELD BOTANY 3 sem. hrs.
This field work course emphasizes identifica-
tion of native herbaceous and woody plants in
terrestrial communities and quantitative meth-
ods for analyzing relative densities, biomass,
and ecological relationships.
PYMA636 MICROBIAL ECOLOGY
3 sem. hrs.
This field work course studies the interrela-
tions among microorganisms, their processes,
and their environments through lecture, labo-
ratory and field experiences. It emphasizes the
descriptive process and the important features
in the life histories of special groups of decom-
posers which enable them to thrive in particu-
lar habitats. Prerequisite: PYMA634 or
BIOL533 or BIOL220 or consent of the
instructor.
PYMA639 FIELD ENTOMOLOGY
3 sem. hrs.
This field work course analyzes the systemat-
ics, natural history and ecology of insects. It
surveys to order the local insect fauna through
field observation and collection. It also studies
selected lower taxonomic levels.
PYMA641 MAMMALIAN ECOLOGY
3 sem. hrs.
This field work course studies mammals of
Pennsylvania, emphasizing the ecology of dis-
tribution, community structure, and physiolog-
ical ecology.
PYMA699 FIELD RESEARCH
1-6 sem. hrs.
This course in field research, to be taught at
Pymatuning during the summer, involves stu-
dents and professors from Edinboro Universi-
ty, Clarion University, Indiana University, and
the University of Pittsburgh. The research
project and course content change each sum-
mer depending on the instructor. Credit hours
depend on the amount of responsibility
assigned to students. Prerequisite: graduate
student in biology; junior or senior biology
major, with permission of instructor.
PYMA755 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
IN ECOLOGY
3 sem. hrs.
Emphasis will be on the design of ecological
investigations in natural communities, analy-
sis of data and interpretation of results. A vari-
ety of investigations will be conducted in ter-
restrial and aquatic habitats dealing with
dynamic aspects of ecosystem components.
Biology Courses
BIOL500
ECOLOGY (Fall) 3 sem. hrs.
This course studies plants and animals in rela-
tion to their physical and biological environ-
ments and considers special topics such as dis-
tribution factors, life zones, food chains, and
adaptations. It pays special attention to animal
and plant communities in northwestern Penn-
sylvania. It includes lecture and laboratory.
Prerequisites: BIOL120 and BIOL140, and
CHEM141 or CHEM220.
BIOL520
PLANT ANATOMY (Spring
Odd Years)
3 sem. hrs.
A study of plant structure emphasizing the
interrelationships of cells, tissues and organs.
Primary attention is given to the Meta phyta.
Prerequisite: BIOL120, with lab. 2 hours lec-
ture, 3 hours lab.
BIOL521
PLANT TAXONOMY (Spring
Even Years)
3 sem. hrs.
A consideration of taxonomic concepts prima-
rily as they relate to the tracheophytes. A study
is made from the taxon-level of family to
species involving the problems of identifica-
tion, classification and nomenclature with con-
sideration emphasis on field work. Lecture and
laboratory. Prerequisite: BIOL120, with lab. 2
hours lecture, 3 hours lab.
BIOL522
MYCOLOGY (Fall Even
Years)
3 sem. hrs.
A taxonomic study of the fungi considering
Biology Program/43